Candidate biomarkers of disease progression in psoriasis

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This review provides a comprehensive catalogue of investigated biomarkers of disease progression in psoriasis.

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Background:
Identification of those at risk of more severe psoriasis and/or associated morbidities offers opportunity for early intervention, reduced disease burden and more cost-effective healthcare. Prognostic biomarkers of disease progression have thus been the focus of intense research, but none are part of routine practice.

Objectives:
To identify and catalogue candidate biomarkers of disease progression in psoriasis for the translational research community.

Methods:
A systematic search of CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, and MEDLINE was performed for relevant articles published between 1990 and December 2021. Eligibility criteria were studies involving the psoriasis population (any age, n ≥50) reporting biomarkers associated with disease progression. The main outcomes were any measure of skin severity or any pre-specified psoriasis comorbidity. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second; studies meeting minimal quality criteria (longitudinal design and/or use of methods to control for confounding) were formally assessed for bias. Candidate biomarkers were identified by an expert multi-stakeholder group using a majority voting consensus exercise, and mapped to relevant cellular and molecular pathways.

Results:
Of 181 included studies, most investigated genomic or proteomic biomarkers associated with disease severity (n=145) or psoriatic arthritis (n=30). Methodological and reporting limitations compromised interpretation of findings, most notably a lack of longitudinal studies, and inadequate control for key prognostic factors.

Candidate biomarkers with future potential utility were identified for predicting disease severity: LCE3D, IL23R, IL23A, NFKBIL1 loci, HLA-C*06:02 (genomic), IL-17A, IgG aHDL, GlycA, I-FABP and Kallikrein 8 (proteomic), tyramine (metabolomic); PsA: HLA-C*06:02, HLA-B*27, HLA-B*38, HLA-B*08, and variation at the IL23R and IL13 loci (genomic); IL-17A, CXCL10, Mac-2 binding protein, Integrin b5, MMP-3 and M-CSF(proteomic) and tyramine and mucic acid (metabolomic) and type 2 diabetes mellitus: variation in IL12B and IL23R loci (genomic). No biomarkers were supported by sufficient evidence for clinical use without further validation.

Conclusions:
This review provides a comprehensive catalogue of investigated biomarkers of disease progression in psoriasis. Future studies must address the common methodological limitations identified here to expedite discovery and validation of biomarkers for clinical use.

Source: onlinelibrary.wiley.com

*Early view funding unknown